mineral

Polished malachite

Malachite — Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂, a copper carbonate hydroxide

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Opaque vivid to dark green with concentric banding, silky-to-glassy polish, and commonly botryoidal or fibrous structure; Mohs hardness 3.5–4, specific gravity about 3.6–4.0. It has perfect cleavage but is usually recognized by its distinctive green zoning and relatively softness.

Identified September 22, 2026More mineral →

Explore Polished malachite in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary copper-mineral in oxidized zones of copper deposits, precipitating from copper-rich groundwater, commonly alongside azurite and chrysocolla. Most specimens formed during relatively recent near-surface geological alteration rather than at a specific single age.

Uses & applications

Used for ornamental carvings, cabochons, beads, inlay, and mineral collecting; historically ground as a green pigment, though dust is toxic. High-quality banded pieces are prized for decorative stonework.

Geological facts

Malachite is easily scratched and can react with acids, producing effervescence. Its green color comes from copper; avoid ingestion and inhalation of dust, and do not use it for drinking vessels.

Field identification & locations

Common sources include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Russia, Australia, and Arizona. Identify it by vivid green concentric bands, high density, softness, and acid reaction; the pictured item is polished and likely tumbled or cabochon-cut.