Rock Identifier
Polished multicolored gemstone, likely boulder opal (Opal, hydrated amorphous silica (SiO₂·nH₂O), possibly ironstone matrix) — gemstone
gemstone

Polished multicolored gemstone, likely boulder opal

Opal, hydrated amorphous silica (SiO₂·nH₂O), possibly ironstone matrix

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness 5.5–6.5 Mohs; vitreous to waxy luster; translucent blue, red, and brown play-of-color; amorphous, with no cleavage. The vivid color flashes suggest precious opal rather than ordinary opal, though the small image prevents confident species-level identification.

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Physical properties

Hardness 5.5–6.5 Mohs; vitreous to waxy luster; translucent blue, red, and brown play-of-color; amorphous, with no cleavage. The vivid color flashes suggest precious opal rather than ordinary opal, though the small image prevents confident species-level identification.

Formation & geological history

Opal forms when silica-rich groundwater deposits hydrated silica in cavities and fractures, commonly in volcanic or sedimentary host rock; formation is generally Cenozoic to Mesozoic depending on locality. The specimen appears cut and polished.

Uses & applications

Used in jewelry, cabochons, carvings, and mineral collections; boulder opal is especially valued when colorful opal veins contrast with dark ironstone matrix.

Geological facts

Play-of-color results from diffraction of light by regularly arranged microscopic silica spheres, not pigmentation. Opal can lose water and craze under severe drying or heat.

Field identification & locations

Common sources include Australia, especially Queensland and Lightning Ridge, plus Ethiopia and Mexico. Identify by colorful angular flashes, relatively low hardness, and absence of crystal faces; a loupe can reveal natural matrix and play-of-color.