gemstone

Polished orange chalcedony or carnelian

Cryptocrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely carnelian

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Translucent orange-red, vitreous to waxy luster, no visible crystal faces, and conchoidal fracture; Mohs hardness 6.5–7, specific gravity about 2.60–2.65. The rounded shape indicates a polished or tumbled specimen.

Identified August 16, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills cavities and fractures, depositing microcrystalline quartz; iron impurities create the orange-red color. Deposits occur in volcanic and sedimentary environments, commonly from the Cenozoic to older geologic ages.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, and ornamental objects; historically used in seals and jewelry. It is generally an inexpensive decorative gemstone.

Geological facts

Carnelian is an orange variety of chalcedony, with color ranging from pale honey to deep reddish brown. Heat treatment can intensify or homogenize its color.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by its uniform translucent orange color, hardness, lack of cleavage, and inability to scratch glass reliably only if tested carefully; glass or resin imitations may show bubbles or softer surfaces. Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, and Germany.