Rock Identifier
Polished reddish-brown gemstone, likely carnelian (Carnelian: chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), colored mainly by iron oxides) — gemstone
gemstone

Polished reddish-brown gemstone, likely carnelian

Carnelian: chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), colored mainly by iron oxides

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically translucent orange-red to brown with waxy/vitreous luster, no visible cleavage, conchoidal fracture, and Mohs hardness 6.5–7. The pictured piece appears smoothly polished and cabochon-like, though its strong blur prevents certainty.

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Physical properties

Typically translucent orange-red to brown with waxy/vitreous luster, no visible cleavage, conchoidal fracture, and Mohs hardness 6.5–7. The pictured piece appears smoothly polished and cabochon-like, though its strong blur prevents certainty.

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich groundwater deposits chalcedony in cavities and fractures, with iron producing the red-brown color; deposits range from ancient volcanic-hosted veins to younger sedimentary environments.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, ornaments, and small jewelry pieces; also collected as an attractive variety of chalcedony.

Geological facts

Carnelian is cryptocrystalline quartz rather than a separately crystallized mineral species. Color may be enhanced by heating, which converts iron compounds to deeper reds.

Field identification & locations

Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, Germany, and the United States. Identify it by its even reddish color, translucency, hardness, and lack of cleavage; a scratch test should be avoided on finished pieces.