metamorphic
Polished serpentine pendulum
Serpentine-group minerals, chiefly antigorite/lizardite; approximate formula Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectTypically olive-green to yellow-green with black or gray veining, waxy to greasy luster, opaque, and fine-grained rather than visibly crystalline. Mohs hardness is about 2.5–4; cleavage is poor or absent, and specific gravity is roughly 2.5–2.6.
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Physical properties
Typically olive-green to yellow-green with black or gray veining, waxy to greasy luster, opaque, and fine-grained rather than visibly crystalline. Mohs hardness is about 2.5–4; cleavage is poor or absent, and specific gravity is roughly 2.5–2.6.
Formation & geological history
Forms when ultramafic mantle rocks such as peridotite are hydrated during low-temperature metamorphism, commonly in ophiolites and subduction zones. Serpentinization ranges from Paleozoic to modern geological settings.
Uses & applications
Carved and polished for pendulums, ornaments, cabochons, and decorative objects; massive serpentine has also been used as a building and carving stone. The pictured item includes a human-made metal chain.
Geological facts
The green color comes from iron and nickel-bearing serpentine minerals, sometimes accompanied by magnetite or chromite. Some serpentine rocks may contain fibrous chrysotile, so avoid generating dust when cutting or sanding.
Field identification & locations
Identify it by its soft, waxy feel, mottled green-black pattern, and resistance to dilute acid; it is much softer than jade, though visually similar. Common sources include California, Italy, New Zealand, Canada, and the Ural Mountains.
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