metamorphic
Polished serpentine
Serpentine-group minerals, chiefly lizardite and/or antigorite; approximate formula Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectOlive-green, waxy to greasy luster with darker veining and translucency at thin edges; Mohs hardness about 2.5–4, poor cleavage, massive/microcrystalline structure, and specific gravity around 2.5–2.6. The rounded, polished form is consistent with serpentine rather than a raw crystal.
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Physical properties
Olive-green, waxy to greasy luster with darker veining and translucency at thin edges; Mohs hardness about 2.5–4, poor cleavage, massive/microcrystalline structure, and specific gravity around 2.5–2.6. The rounded, polished form is consistent with serpentine rather than a raw crystal.
Formation & geological history
Forms when ultramafic mantle rocks such as peridotite undergo hydrothermal alteration (serpentinization), commonly in oceanic crust and tectonic zones. Most specimens are geologically ancient, though the pictured piece is human-polished.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone, carving material, cabochons, tumbled stones, and architectural decoration; historically used as a jade substitute. Fine, vividly patterned pieces have modest collecting and lapidary value.
Geological facts
Serpentine is a mineral group, not a single mineral species; some serpentinite contains chrysotile asbestos, so avoid cutting, drilling, or creating dust unless its composition is confirmed safe.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its low hardness, green color, waxy feel, and inability to scratch glass; a steel knife may scratch it. Common sources include California, Vermont, Italy, Canada, New Zealand, and Afghanistan.
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