
metamorphic
Polished tiger’s-eye / iron-rich quartzite
Quartz (SiO₂), commonly pseudomorphic tiger’s-eye with limonite/goethite and remnants of crocidolite fibers
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness about 6.5–7 Mohs; brown-gold, opaque, silky to vitreous luster, with curved banding and possible chatoyancy. Massive, fine-grained quartz with no obvious cleavage; specific gravity about 2.6–2.8.
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Physical properties
Hardness about 6.5–7 Mohs; brown-gold, opaque, silky to vitreous luster, with curved banding and possible chatoyancy. Massive, fine-grained quartz with no obvious cleavage; specific gravity about 2.6–2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed when quartz replaced fibrous crocidolite during low-grade metamorphism and later oxidized, producing golden-brown iron staining. Most gem-quality material formed in Precambrian rocks of the Northern Cape, South Africa.
Uses & applications
Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, tumbled stones, ornaments, and decorative objects; durable but less valuable than fine chatoyant gemstones.
Geological facts
The golden sheen results from aligned fibers reflecting light, called chatoyancy. Blue-gray unoxidized material is hawk’s-eye; red varieties are often heat-treated.
Field identification & locations
Identify it by brown-gold parallel bands, strong silky reflection when rotated, quartz-like hardness, and absence of metallic sparkle; common sources include South Africa, Western Australia, India, and Namibia.
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