mineral

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically clear, white, or gray (smoky); Luster: vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: none, exhibits conchoidal fracture.

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: typically clear, white, or gray (smoky)
Luster: vitreous (glass-like)

Identified June 14, 2026More mineral →

Explore Quartz in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically clear, white, or gray (smoky); Luster: vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: none, exhibits conchoidal fracture.

Formation & geological history

Forms in a wide variety of environments, primarily through the cooling of silica-rich magma or from hydrothermal veins. It is found in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks across all geological ages.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in glassmaking, electronics (piezoelectric properties), abrasives, construction as aggregate, and as a gemstone in jewelry.

Geological facts

Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. It is highly resistant to chemical and physical weathering, which is why it often makes up the majority of river and beach sand.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its ability to scratch glass, its lack of cleavage, and its characteristic waxy or glassy luster. Commonly found in riverbeds, mountains, and as crystals in geodes.