Rock Identifier
Raw ruby (corundum) (Ruby variety of corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), colored chiefly by chromium) — gemstone
gemstone

Raw ruby (corundum)

Ruby variety of corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), colored chiefly by chromium

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically deep red to purplish-red with a vitreous to greasy luster; Mohs hardness 9, trigonal crystal structure, and poor cleavage. The specimen appears massive and opaque-to-translucent, so visual identification is provisional.

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Physical properties

Typically deep red to purplish-red with a vitreous to greasy luster; Mohs hardness 9, trigonal crystal structure, and poor cleavage. The specimen appears massive and opaque-to-translucent, so visual identification is provisional.

Formation & geological history

Ruby forms mainly in metamorphic rocks such as marble and gneiss, or in associated igneous/metasomatic environments; many deposits are Paleozoic to younger. Weathering commonly concentrates resistant crystals in alluvial gravels.

Uses & applications

Gem-quality ruby is cut for jewelry; opaque or fractured material is sold as mineral specimens or used in abrasives and synthetic corundum products.

Geological facts

Ruby and sapphire are the same mineral; color distinguishes ruby from other corundum. Fluorescence under long-wave UV can support chromium-rich ruby identification, but testing is needed.

Field identification & locations

Look for very high scratch resistance, red color, curved or hexagonal crystal forms, and possible chromium-red fluorescence; distinguish from garnet, spinel, and red glass with hardness, refractive-index, and laboratory tests. Common localities include Myanmar, Mozambique, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tanzania, and Afghanistan.