Rock Identifier
Rough dark-blue gemstone, possibly sapphire (Corundum (Al₂O₃), if sapphire; identification is uncertain from the image) — gemstone
gemstone

Rough dark-blue gemstone, possibly sapphire

Corundum (Al₂O₃), if sapphire; identification is uncertain from the image

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Opaque-to-translucent deep blue with a vitreous luster and irregular, angular surfaces; corundum has Mohs hardness 9 and a trigonal crystal structure. The pictured piece may be a rough or fractured fragment; color alone cannot confirm sapphire.

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Physical properties

Opaque-to-translucent deep blue with a vitreous luster and irregular, angular surfaces; corundum has Mohs hardness 9 and a trigonal crystal structure. The pictured piece may be a rough or fractured fragment; color alone cannot confirm sapphire.

Formation & geological history

Sapphire forms in aluminum-rich, silica-poor metamorphic rocks or in igneous rocks such as basalt; natural deposits span many geological ages. It may later collect in stream gravels as a durable placer mineral.

Uses & applications

Quality sapphire is cut for jewelry; lower-grade corundum is used as an abrasive. Rough specimens are also collected.

Geological facts

Blue sapphire’s color commonly comes from trace iron and titanium; corundum without red coloration is broadly called sapphire.

Field identification & locations

Check hardness and crystal habit, but avoid scratching a potentially valuable specimen; confirm identity with gemological testing. Sapphire occurs in places including Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Australia, and Montana.