gemstone
Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, vitreous luster, hexagonal crystal system, and a specific gravity of 4.0.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, vitreous luster, hexagonal crystal system, and a specific gravity of 4.0.
Formation & geological history
Formed in metamorphic or igneous rocks like basalt and marble through high-temperature and pressure crystallization.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in fine jewelry, watch crystals, and industrial abrasives.
Geological facts
Sapphire is the precious variety of corundum that occurs in every color except red, which is called ruby.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its extreme hardness, lack of cleavage, and high density; commonly found in alluvial deposits, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar.
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