gemstone
Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, typically pink, blue, or yellow, with a vitreous to adamantine luster and trigonal crystal system.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, typically pink, blue, or yellow, with a vitreous to adamantine luster and trigonal crystal system.
Formation & geological history
Formed in metamorphic or igneous rocks like pegmatites and basalts under high temperature and pressure over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in fine jewelry, luxury watches, and industrial abrasives or cutting components.
Geological facts
Sapphire is the precious gemstone variety of corundum, sharing its mineral family with rubies, which are specifically the red variety.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its extreme hardness, crystal habit, and high specific gravity; commonly found in alluvial deposits in Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and Myanmar.
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