gemstone
Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, typically blue or multicolored, vitreous to adamantine luster, trigonal crystal system, specific gravity of 3.98-4.1.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, typically blue or multicolored, vitreous to adamantine luster, trigonal crystal system, specific gravity of 3.98-4.1.
Formation & geological history
Formed within metamorphic or igneous rocks like marble and basalt through aluminum-rich hydrothermal or magmatic processes.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in high-end jewelry, industrial abrasives, and watch crystal fabrication.
Geological facts
Sapphire is the second hardest natural mineral after diamond and comes in all colors except red, which is classified as ruby.
Field identification & locations
Identified by extreme hardness, conchoidal fracture, and lack of cleavage; commonly mined in Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and Australia.
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