gemstone
Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, vitreous to adamantine luster, trigonal crystal system, and lack of true cleavage with distinct parting.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, vitreous to adamantine luster, trigonal crystal system, and lack of true cleavage with distinct parting.
Formation & geological history
Forms within metamorphic or igneous environments, particularly aluminum-rich and silica-poor rocks like marble or alkali basalts.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in high-end jewelry, watch crystal fabrication, and specialized industrial abrasive applications.
Geological facts
Sapphire is the second hardest natural mineral known and occurs in nearly every color except red, which is designated as ruby.
Field identification & locations
Identified primarily by its extreme hardness, high specific gravity, and characteristic barrel-shaped crystal habit found in alluvial deposits worldwide.
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