gemstone
Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, typically blue with vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, and no true cleavage.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, typically blue with vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, and no true cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Formed in aluminum-rich metamorphic or igneous rocks like pegmatites and basalts under high pressure and temperature.
Uses & applications
Widely used in high-end jewelry, industrial bearings, and watch crystal fabrication.
Geological facts
Sapphire is the second hardest natural mineral, and non-blue varieties are known as fancy sapphires.
Field identification & locations
Identified by extreme hardness and high density; found in regions like Madagascar, Sri Lanka, and Kashmir.
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