gemstone
Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, typically blue, grey, or yellow with a vitreous to adamantine luster and trigonal crystal system.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, typically blue, grey, or yellow with a vitreous to adamantine luster and trigonal crystal system.
Formation & geological history
Formed in metamorphic or igneous rocks like basalt and marble under high pressure and temperature conditions deep within the Earth's crust.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in high-end jewelry, watch crystal fabrication, and industrial cutting tools due to its extreme durability.
Geological facts
Sapphire is the second hardest natural mineral after diamond, and non-blue varieties are known as fancy sapphires or rubies if red.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its exceptional hardness, high specific gravity, and characteristic hexagonal crystal barrel shape when uncut.
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