gemstone
Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, typically blue in color, vitreous to adamantine luster, trigonal crystal system, and no true cleavage.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, typically blue in color, vitreous to adamantine luster, trigonal crystal system, and no true cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Forms in aluminum-rich metamorphic or igneous rocks like pegmatites and basalts under high pressure and temperature.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in fine jewelry, watch components, and scientific instrumentation due to its extreme hardness.
Geological facts
Sapphire is the second-hardest natural mineral after diamond. Trace amounts of iron and titanium give the gem its iconic blue color.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its exceptional hardness, high density, and lack of cleavage. Commonly sourced from deposits in Madagascar, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar.
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