gemstone
Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, blue color, adamantine to vitreous luster, hexagonal crystal system, specific gravity around 4.0.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, blue color, adamantine to vitreous luster, hexagonal crystal system, specific gravity around 4.0.
Formation & geological history
Formed in aluminum-rich metamorphic or igneous rocks like pegmatites and marbles under high pressure and temperature.
Uses & applications
Widely used in high-end fine jewelry, watch crystals, and industrial abrasives.
Geological facts
Sapphire is the gem-variety of corundum; when red, it is called a ruby. Star sapphires exhibit asterism caused by rutile inclusions.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its extreme hardness, barrel-shaped crystal habit, and lack of cleavage. Commonly sourced from Madagascar, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar.
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