gemstone
Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, blue to multicolored, vitreous to adamantine luster, trigonal crystal system, specific gravity of 3.98-4.1.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, blue to multicolored, vitreous to adamantine luster, trigonal crystal system, specific gravity of 3.98-4.1.
Formation & geological history
Formed in aluminum-rich metamorphic or igneous rocks like pegmatites and marble through high-temperature crystallization.
Uses & applications
Used in high-end jewelry, watch crystal fabrication, and precision industrial bearings.
Geological facts
Sapphire is the second hardest natural mineral after diamond, and non-blue varieties are known as fancy sapphires.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its extreme hardness, high specific gravity, and distinctive barrel-shaped hexagonal crystal habit; found globally in alluvial deposits, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and Kashmir.
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