gemstone
Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, deep blue color, subadamantine to vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, and specific gravity around 4.0.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, deep blue color, subadamantine to vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, and specific gravity around 4.0.
Formation & geological history
Forms in aluminum-rich metamorphic and igneous rocks, particularly pegmatites and marbles, over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used in high-end jewelry, watch crystal fabrication, and industrial cutting tools.
Geological facts
Sapphire is the second hardest natural mineral on Earth, surpassed only by diamond.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its extreme hardness, high density, and characteristic blue hue; commonly found in alluvial gravel deposits worldwide.
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