metamorphic

Serpentine (likely antigorite/lizardite)

Serpentinite; chiefly serpentine-group minerals, Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Pale yellow-green to olive-green, waxy to greasy luster, commonly mottled and veined; Mohs hardness about 2.5–4, with weak cleavage and a fine-grained or platy crystal structure. The apparent layered green flakes and dark veining are characteristic of serpentine-rich rock.

Identified September 4, 2026More metamorphic →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms when ultramafic mantle rocks such as peridotite undergo low-temperature hydration and metamorphism, commonly along tectonic plate boundaries; many examples formed during Paleozoic–Mesozoic oceanic and subduction-related events.

Uses & applications

Used as decorative stone, carvings, jewelry, countertops, and historically as a source of magnesium and asbestos-group minerals. Avoid cutting or sanding unknown serpentinite because some varieties may contain fibrous chrysotile asbestos.

Geological facts

Often confused with jade, but serpentine is softer and generally less tough. It may react weakly with dilute acid only where carbonate minerals are present.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its green waxy appearance, low hardness, slick feel, dark veins, and association with altered ultramafic rocks; common in California, Italy, New Zealand, Canada, and the Appalachians. A hardness test and professional asbestos screening are advisable.