metamorphic
Serpentine (likely antigorite-rich serpentinite)
Serpentinite; chiefly serpentine-group minerals, Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄, with possible talc, magnesite, and chlorite
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectTypically pale to dark green, yellow-green, or gray with a waxy to silky luster; Mohs hardness 2.5–4, low specific gravity (~2.5–2.6), commonly massive with fibrous or platy texture and poor cleavage. The pictured specimen shows pale green, layered, polished-looking surfaces consistent with serpentinite or fibrous anti…
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Physical properties
Typically pale to dark green, yellow-green, or gray with a waxy to silky luster; Mohs hardness 2.5–4, low specific gravity (~2.5–2.6), commonly massive with fibrous or platy texture and poor cleavage. The pictured specimen shows pale green, layered, polished-looking surfaces consistent with serpentinite or fibrous antigorite.
Formation & geological history
Forms when ultramafic mantle rocks such as peridotite hydrate during metamorphism, commonly along tectonic plate boundaries and faults. Serpentinization occurs from the Precambrian to the present; a precise age requires locality data.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative stone, carvings, countertops, and historically as a source of ornamental “verde antico”; softer specimens are popular with collectors. Avoid dust from cutting because some serpentinites may contain fibrous chrysotile asbestos.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is a rock, whereas antigorite, lizardite, and chrysotile are its principal minerals. Its green color reflects iron-bearing serpentine and associated magnetite.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its green waxy appearance, softness, smooth splintery/fibrous texture, and lack of visible quartz; it may scratch with a steel knife. Common localities include California, Italy, New Zealand, Canada, and the Appalachian Mountains.
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