metamorphic
Serpentine (likely serpentinite)
Serpentine-group minerals, chiefly antigorite, lizardite, or chrysotile; commonly Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectTypically olive-green to yellow-green, waxy to greasy luster, opaque, and massive with irregular fractures; Mohs hardness 2.5–4 and specific gravity about 2.5–2.6. The specimen shows characteristic mottled green color and pale veining, but exact identification would require testing.
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Physical properties
Typically olive-green to yellow-green, waxy to greasy luster, opaque, and massive with irregular fractures; Mohs hardness 2.5–4 and specific gravity about 2.5–2.6. The specimen shows characteristic mottled green color and pale veining, but exact identification would require testing.
Formation & geological history
Forms when ultramafic mantle rocks such as peridotite hydrate during low-temperature metamorphism; many specimens formed in oceanic crust and were later uplifted in tectonic belts, commonly during the Mesozoic or younger. White areas may be carbonate or quartz veining.
Uses & applications
Used as ornamental stone, carvings, cabochons, and historically for architectural facing; some serpentinite is quarried as decorative stone. Fibrous chrysotile varieties are asbestos-bearing and should not be cut, drilled, or pulverized.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is California’s state rock and often develops a smooth, slick, weathered surface. It can resemble nephrite jade, but is generally softer and commonly has a greasy rather than glassy appearance.
Field identification & locations
Look for low hardness, green mottling, waxy luster, and a white streak or vein; a steel blade may scratch it, unlike jade. Common in ophiolites and metamorphic belts worldwide, including California, Italy, New Zealand, and the Appalachians.
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