metamorphic
Serpentine (Serpentinite / Lizardite)
Serpentine-group mineral / Serpentinite (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness 2.5–4.0 on the Mohs scale, waxy to greasy luster, light yellowish-green to apple-green color mottled with dark inclusions (often magnetite or chromite), monoclinic/orthorhombic crystal structure, specific gravity around 2.5–2.6.
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Physical properties
Hardness 2.5–4.0 on the Mohs scale, waxy to greasy luster, light yellowish-green to apple-green color mottled with dark inclusions (often magnetite or chromite), monoclinic/orthorhombic crystal structure, specific gravity around 2.5–2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed via serpentinization, a metamorphic and hydrothermal process where ultramafic rocks (such as peridotite or pyroxenite) are hydrated at low temperatures and pressures along tectonic plate boundaries and ophiolite complexes.
Uses & applications
Commonly carved and polished into decorative objects, ornamental eggs, beads, figurines, and cabochons; occasionally used as architectural facing stone (verd antique).
Geological facts
Its name derives from the Latin 'serpens' due to its mottled green coloring resembling the scaly pattern of a snake's skin. Soft varieties like lizardite and antigorite are classic materials for beginner lapidary and carving artists.
Field identification & locations
Identifiable by its soft, soapy or waxy touch, distinctive yellowish-green to olive hue with dark mineral splotches, and susceptibility to being scratched easily with a steel pocketknife. Widely sourced from China, Pakistan, Peru, the United States, and South Africa.
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