metamorphic
Serpentine (Serpentinite)
Serpentinite / Antigorite-Lizardite group (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 3-5 on Mohs scale; Color: mottled forest green to olive-green with paler greenish-white flecks; Luster: waxy, greasy to resinous; Structure: massive, microcrystalline aggregate; Cleavage: none visible in massive forms; Specific Gravity: ~2.5 - 2.6.
- Hardness
- 3-5 on Mohs scale
- Luster
- waxy, greasy to resinous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-5 on Mohs scale; Color: mottled forest green to olive-green with paler greenish-white flecks; Luster: waxy, greasy to resinous; Structure: massive, microcrystalline aggregate; Cleavage: none visible in massive forms; Specific Gravity: ~2.5 - 2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed by hydrothermal metamorphism and hydration of ultramafic igneous rocks (such as peridotite and pyroxenite) rich in olivine and pyroxene in subduction zones and oceanic crust.
Uses & applications
Commonly carved and polished into ornamental shapes like eggs, spheres, beads, figurines, and architectural facing stones; historical source of asbestos minerals.
Geological facts
Serpentinite gets its name from its mottled green appearance resembling snakeskin. It is the official state rock of California.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its waxy-to-soapy feel, moderate softness (often scratchable with a copper coin or steel blade), mottled olive-green coloring, and association with ophiolite complexes. Common worldwide in mountain belts.
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