metamorphic
Serpentine (Serpentinite)
Serpentine group / Serpentinite (predominantly (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 3 - 5 on Mohs scale; Color: mottled pistachio to olive green with brown, beige, and dark inclusions; Luster: waxy, greasy, or silky when polished; Crystal structure: monoclinic/orthorhombic (microcrystalline/fibrous); Specific gravity: 2.5 - 2.6.
- Hardness
- 3 - 5 on Mohs scale
- Luster
- waxy, greasy, or silky when polished
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 - 5 on Mohs scale; Color: mottled pistachio to olive green with brown, beige, and dark inclusions; Luster: waxy, greasy, or silky when polished; Crystal structure: monoclinic/orthorhombic (microcrystalline/fibrous); Specific gravity: 2.5 - 2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the metamorphic hydration (serpentinization) of ultramafic igneous rocks (such as peridotite or pyroxenite) in oceanic crust and subduction zones at relatively low temperatures.
Uses & applications
Carved into decorative objects, eggs, spheres, beads, cabochons, and architectural facing stones.
Geological facts
Serpentine gets its name from its serpent-like, scaly green patterns. It has been used since ancient times as a talisman against snakebites and poison.
Field identification & locations
Recognized by its soft greasy or waxy feel, characteristic pale to mottled green coloring, and relatively low hardness compared to jade (serpentine is easily scratched by a steel nail). Widely found in ophiolite belts globally, including Greece, Italy, the US, Canada, and Pakistan.
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