metamorphic
Serpentine (Serpentinite)
Serpentinite / (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 3 - 5 on Mohs scale; Color: dark mottled green, greyish-green to black with light green/white micro-veins; Luster: waxy to greasy, takes a moderate to high polish; Crystal system: monoclinic/orthorhombic (microcrystalline/massive aggregate); Specific gravity: 2.5 - 2.8
- Hardness
- 3 - 5 on Mohs scale
- Luster
- waxy to greasy, takes a moderate to high polish
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 - 5 on Mohs scale; Color: dark mottled green, greyish-green to black with light green/white micro-veins; Luster: waxy to greasy, takes a moderate to high polish; Crystal system: monoclinic/orthorhombic (microcrystalline/massive aggregate); Specific gravity: 2.5 - 2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed via hydrothermal metamorphism (serpentinization) of ultramafic igneous rocks (such as peridotite or dunite) from the Earth's upper mantle, typically occurring along tectonic subduction zones and oceanic crust sutures.
Uses & applications
Commonly carved and polished into ornamental decorative objects (eggs, spheres, sculptures), used in lapidary work, cabochons, dimension stone, and historically as an architectural decorative stone.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. Its mottled appearance and scale-like color patterns resemble serpent skin, which gives the rock and mineral group its name.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its rich mottled dark green coloration, greasy-to-waxy luster, relative softness compared to nephrite jade, and fine network of lighter chrysotile/lizardite veins. Commonly sourced from metamorphic belts globally including California, Italy, Greece, and Pakistan.
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