metamorphic
Serpentine (Serpentinite)
Hydrous magnesium iron silicate, (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3.0-6.0 Mohs. Color: Distinctive pale to dark green, mottled olive green, or blue-green. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Cleavage: Poor to basal. Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6. Texture: Fibrous to massive, often feels smooth or soapy.
- Hardness
- 3
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3.0-6.0 Mohs. Color: Distinctive pale to dark green, mottled olive green, or blue-green. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Cleavage: Poor to basal. Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6. Texture: Fibrous to massive, often feels smooth or soapy.
Formation & geological history
Formed via serpentinization, a low-temperature metamorphic process where ultramafic igneous rocks (such as peridotite or dunite) react with water at subduction zones and mid-ocean ridges.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative building stone, dimension stone, carving material, as a source of asbestos (chrysotile variant), and occasionally cut into gemstones or cabochons.
Geological facts
Serpentine gets its name from its similarity to the texture and color of snake skin. Serpentinite is the official state rock of California.
Field identification & locations
Field identification features include a distinctive greasy/soapy feel, waxy green appearance, and soft scratchability. Commonly found along fault zones, ophiolite complexes, and subduction zones in California, Italy, Greece, and New Zealand.
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