metamorphic
Serpentine (Serpentinite)
Serpentinite / Antigorite-Lizardite group (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 2.5–5.5 on the Mohs scale; Color: olive green, yellowish-green, mottled with brownish-red veining and patches; Luster: waxy, greasy, or silky when polished; Crystal structure: monoclinic/orthorhombic (microcrystalline/massive aggregate); Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.6.
- Hardness
- 2
- Luster
- waxy, greasy, or silky when polished
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5–5.5 on the Mohs scale; Color: olive green, yellowish-green, mottled with brownish-red veining and patches; Luster: waxy, greasy, or silky when polished; Crystal structure: monoclinic/orthorhombic (microcrystalline/massive aggregate); Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed by hydrothermal alteration and low-grade metamorphism (serpentinization) of ultramafic igneous rocks like peridotite and pyroxenite, often at convergent tectonic boundaries or oceanic crust obductions.
Uses & applications
Carved into decorative objects (eggs, spheres, figurines), beads, cabochons, architectural stone, and ornamental tiles. Sometimes historically marketed as 'New Jade' or 'Olive Jade'.
Geological facts
Serpentinite gets its name from its mottled green appearance resembling snakeskin. The state rock of California is serpentinite, which is commonly associated with asbestos-bearing zones and rare mineral deposits.
Field identification & locations
Recognized by its characteristic greasy or waxy feel, green mottled coloring, softness (easily scratched by steel or a copper coin depending on mineralogy), and irregular brown or dark veining. Major sources include China, Pakistan, Peru, the United States, and New Zealand.
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