metamorphic
Serpentine (serpentinite)
Serpentine-group minerals, chiefly antigorite, lizardite, and chrysotile: Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectTypically olive to dark green, waxy or greasy luster, massive texture, and curved/slightly splintery fracture; Mohs hardness 2.5–4, specific gravity about 2.5–2.6. The specimen appears polished or naturally water-worn, with mottled green-brown coloration and veining.
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Physical properties
Typically olive to dark green, waxy or greasy luster, massive texture, and curved/slightly splintery fracture; Mohs hardness 2.5–4, specific gravity about 2.5–2.6. The specimen appears polished or naturally water-worn, with mottled green-brown coloration and veining.
Formation & geological history
Forms by hydration and metamorphic alteration of ultramafic rocks such as peridotite and dunite, commonly along oceanic crust and subduction-zone faults. Serpentinization ranges from ancient Precambrian to modern geological settings.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative stone, carvings, beads, countertops, and occasionally ornamental architecture; historically used as a jade substitute. Chrysotile-bearing material should not be cut, drilled, or powdered because asbestos fibers may be hazardous.
Geological facts
Its green color results from iron-bearing serpentine and associated magnetite. Some serpentine is mistaken for jade, but it is generally softer and less tough.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its olive-green mottling, waxy feel, low hardness, and lack of distinct cleavage; a steel knife usually scratches it. Common localities include California, Italy, New Zealand, Canada, and the Appalachians.
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