metamorphic
Serpentine (Serpentinite)
Serpentinite (composed largely of serpentine group minerals: (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 2.5 - 5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: mottled dark green to greenish-black with brighter green veinlets; Luster: waxy, greasy to sub-vitreous when polished; Specific Gravity: 2.5 - 2.6; Structure: massive, microcrystalline.
- Hardness
- 2
- Luster
- waxy, greasy to sub-vitreous when polished
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5 - 5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: mottled dark green to greenish-black with brighter green veinlets; Luster: waxy, greasy to sub-vitreous when polished; Specific Gravity: 2.5 - 2.6; Structure: massive, microcrystalline.
Formation & geological history
Formed by low-temperature hydrous alteration (serpentinization) of ultramafic rocks such as peridotite or pyroxenite, typically in hydrated oceanic crust at subduction zones and mid-ocean ridges.
Uses & applications
Used widely for decorative carvings, polished eggs and spheres, ornamental stone, countertops, and occasionally as a substitute for jade (sometimes marketed as 'new jade').
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. The name derives from its serpent-like, scaly appearance and mottled green patterns resembling snakeskin.
Field identification & locations
Identifiable by its distinct dark waxy green color, relative softness compared to true jade, and greasy feel. Widely found in ophiolite belts around the world, including the US (California, Vermont), Italy, Greece, and New Zealand.
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