metamorphic
Serpentine (Serpentinite)
Serpentinite rock / Serpentine subgroup ((Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 2.5 - 5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: mottled shades of olive to dark green, yellowish-green, black, and white; Luster: waxy, greasy, or silky when polished; Specific Gravity: 2.5 - 2.6; Texture: fine-grained, smooth and soapy feel.
- Hardness
- 2
- Luster
- waxy, greasy, or silky when polished
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5 - 5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: mottled shades of olive to dark green, yellowish-green, black, and white; Luster: waxy, greasy, or silky when polished; Specific Gravity: 2.5 - 2.6; Texture: fine-grained, smooth and soapy feel.
Formation & geological history
Formed by hydrothermal metamorphism (serpentinization) of ultramafic igneous rocks such as peridotite and dunite, typically at divergent boundaries or subduction zones in oceanic lithosphere.
Uses & applications
Carved into decorative objects (such as polished eggs, spheres, and figurines), ornamental building stone (often marketed as 'green marble'), jewelry cabochons, and historically used as an asbestos source or jade simulant.
Geological facts
Serpentine gets its name from its mottled green appearance resembling snakeskin. It is the official state rock of California and is commonly confused with true jade (nephrite or jadeite).
Field identification & locations
Can be identified by its distinctive mottled green color, greasy luster, softness (easily scratched compared to jade or quartz), and frequent presence of dark chromite or magnetite inclusions. Widespread in ophiolite complexes globally.
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