metamorphic
Serpentine
Serpentine group (e.g., Antigorite, Chrysotile, Lizardite) - (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 2.5 to 5.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Shades of green, yellowish-green, brownish-green, sometimes white or grey. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Crystal structure: Monoclinic, typically found in massive, fibrous, or platy aggregates. Cleavage: Poor or distinct depending on the specific mineral form.…
- Hardness
- 2
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5 to 5.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Shades of green, yellowish-green, brownish-green, sometimes white or grey. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Crystal structure: Monoclinic, typically found in massive, fibrous, or platy aggregates. Cleavage: Poor or distinct depending on the specific mineral form. Specific gravity: 2.4 to 2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the process of serpentinization, which is the hydrothermal alteration and hydration of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite or dunite) from the Earth's mantle, typically occurring at mid-ocean ridges or convergent plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone, for carving, architectural facing stone, asbestos production (historical, mainly chrysotile), and as a source of magnesium. Popular in lapidary work and sculpture.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the state rock of California. It often resembles jade, which has earned it historical nicknames such as 'false jade' or 'new jade'. Certain varieties contain asbestos fibers which require caution when cutting or polishing.
Field identification & locations
Can be identified in the field by its characteristic waxy or greasy feel, mottled green coloration, and lower hardness compared to true jade (which can scratch glass, whereas most serpentine cannot). Commonly found in ophiolite belts worldwide.
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