metamorphic
Serpentine
Hydrous magnesium iron silicate, (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 2.5–5.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Mottled light-to-dark green, yellowish-green, or brownish-green. Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky. Cleavage: Poor/absent, often massive or fibrous. Specific gravity: 2.5–2.6.
- Hardness
- 2
- Luster
- Waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5–5.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Mottled light-to-dark green, yellowish-green, or brownish-green. Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky. Cleavage: Poor/absent, often massive or fibrous. Specific gravity: 2.5–2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed by hydrothermal alteration and low-grade metamorphism of ultramafic igneous rocks (such as peridotite and pyroxenite) rich in olivine and pyroxene, typically at tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative stone, carving material, source of industrial asbestos (chrysotile variant), dimension stone, and lapidary gem material.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the official state rock of California. It can feel soapy or slippery to the touch, and soils derived from serpentine rocks contain high levels of heavy metals and unique flora.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its characteristic mottled green color, greasy to waxy luster, and soft to medium hardness. Common in subduction zones, ophiolites, and mountain belts worldwide.
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