metamorphic
Serpentine
(Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness on Mohs scale is typically 2.5 to 5.5 depending on the specific polymorph; colors range from olive green to yellowish or brownish-green with a greasy, waxy, or silky luster; monoclinic crystal system; specific gravity ranges from 2.5 to 2.6.
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Physical properties
Hardness on Mohs scale is typically 2.5 to 5.5 depending on the specific polymorph; colors range from olive green to yellowish or brownish-green with a greasy, waxy, or silky luster; monoclinic crystal system; specific gravity ranges from 2.5 to 2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks (such as peridotite or dunite) from the Earth's mantle in a process known as serpentinization, typically occurring in subduction zone environments.
Uses & applications
Used widely as an ornamental stone, for carvings, interior decoration, and as a historical source of asbestos (though restricted today due to health concerns).
Geological facts
Serpentine is the state rock of California and is often associated with unique ecosystems that thrive on its nutrient-deficient, metal-rich soils.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its characteristic greenish mottled coloration, softer feel, greasy or waxy luster, and association with altered ultramafic terranes. Common worldwide in orogenic belts.
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