metamorphic
Serpentine
Serpentine Group (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4
Hardness 2.5-5.5 on Mohs scale, greenish-grey to olive-green color, greasy to waxy or silky luster, monoclinic or orthorhombic crystal system, basal cleavage, specific gravity ~2.5-2.6.
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Physical properties
Hardness 2.5-5.5 on Mohs scale, greenish-grey to olive-green color, greasy to waxy or silky luster, monoclinic or orthorhombic crystal system, basal cleavage, specific gravity ~2.5-2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed by hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite and dunite) during low-grade metamorphism at hydration zones in tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used historically as a source of asbestos, as ornamental carving stone, architectural facing stone, and in lapidary work for cabochons.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the official state rock of California. The name comes from its green color and scaly, snake-like appearance.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its greasy feeling, mottled green color, soft surface that can be scratched with a knife, and fibrous or platy texture. Commonly found in ophiolite complexes worldwide.
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