metamorphic
Serpentine
Serpentine group ((Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale. Color: Olive green, dark green, mottled yellowish-green. Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky. Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6. Monoclinic or Orthorhombic crystal system.
- Hardness
- 3-6 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Olive green, dark green, mottled yellowish-green
- Luster
- Waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale. Color: Olive green, dark green, mottled yellowish-green. Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky. Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6. Monoclinic or Orthorhombic crystal system.
Formation & geological history
Formed by hydration and metamorphic alteration of ultramafic igneous rocks (such as peridotite and pyroxenite) at low temperatures in the presence of water (serpentinization).
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone, lapidary carvings, cabochons, dimension stone, and historically as a source of industrial asbestos (chrysotile).
Geological facts
Serpentine gets its name from its similarity to the skin of a snake. It is the official state rock of California.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its greasy to waxy feel, characteristic mottling of dark green and black inclusions, and relative softness compared to quartz. Commonly found in ophiolite complexes and subduction zone environments worldwide.
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