metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite, Lizardite, or Chrysotile (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 3 to 6 on Mohs scale; Color: typically olive green to blackish-green with mottled patterns; Luster: waxy to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.6
- Hardness
- 3 to 6 on Mohs scale
- Luster
- waxy to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 to 6 on Mohs scale; Color: typically olive green to blackish-green with mottled patterns; Luster: waxy to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through serpentinization, which is the low-temperature hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks (peridotite/pyroxenite) from the Earth's mantle, typically at tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative stone in architecture (Verde Antique), for carvings, in jewelry, and historically as a source of asbestos.
Geological facts
It is the official state rock of California. The name comes from the Latin 'serpentinus', meaning 'resembling a serpent' due to its green color and scaly appearance.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster, varying shades of green, and greasy feel. Often found in California, Washington, Greece, and Italy. Collectors look for translucent 'precions serpentine' or 'williamsite' varieties.
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