metamorphic
Serpentine
(Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness of 3 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, typically green to yellowish-green or brownish-green color, greasy or waxy luster, monoclinic crystal system, poor cleavage, specific gravity of 2.5 to 2.7.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 3 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, typically green to yellowish-green or brownish-green color, greasy or waxy luster, monoclinic crystal system, poor cleavage, specific gravity of 2.5 to 2.7.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the metamorphism of ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle, specifically through hydration and metasomatism of peridotite or dunite at convergent plate boundaries or oceanic floors.
Uses & applications
Used for ornamental carvings, architectural stone, asbestos insulation (historical), and as a state gemstone in places like California.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the official state rock of California and gets its name from its mottled green appearance resembling snake skin.
Field identification & locations
Can be identified in the field by its distinct green color, relative softness (can be scratched with a knife or coin), and greasy or waxy feel. Commonly found in ophiolite belts worldwide.
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