metamorphic
Serpentine
(Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness of 2.5 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, varying shades of green, yellow-green, or brownish-green, often with a greasy, waxy, or silky luster. Monoclinic crystal system, typically found in massive or fibrous habits with no distinct cleavage.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 2.5 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, varying shades of green, yellow-green, or brownish-green, often with a greasy, waxy, or silky luster. Monoclinic crystal system, typically found in massive or fibrous habits with no distinct cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the metamorphism of ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle, specifically through a process called serpentinization where olivine and pyroxene react with water at elevated temperatures.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone, for carving, in asbestos-related insulation historically, and as the state rock of California.
Geological facts
Serpentine is often used as a more affordable substitute for jade. Its name comes from the Latin word for serpent, alluding to its mottled green, snake-like appearance.
Field identification & locations
Can be identified in the field by its characteristic green color, softness (often easily scratched with a knife), and greasy or waxy feel. Commonly found in orogenic belts and subduction zones worldwide.
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