metamorphic
Serpentine
Serpentine group (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)3(Si,Fe,Al)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 on the Mohs scale; Color: Mottled olive green, yellowish-green, to dark green with dark veins; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Cleavage: Poor; Monoclinic/Orthorhombic crystal system.
- Hardness
- 3-6 on the Mohs scale
- Luster
- Waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 on the Mohs scale; Color: Mottled olive green, yellowish-green, to dark green with dark veins; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Cleavage: Poor; Monoclinic/Orthorhombic crystal system.
Formation & geological history
Formed through hydrothermal alteration and metamorphism of ultramafic igneous rocks (such as peridotite and dunite) containing olivine and pyroxene, typically at subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone, lapidary carvings, decorative tiles, and historically as a source of asbestos (chrysotile variant).
Geological facts
Named after its serpent-like green patterns and greasy feel. It is the official state rock of California.
Field identification & locations
Recognized by its characteristic mottled green color, greasy or waxy luster, and relatively soft feel compared to jade. Commonly found in ophiolite belts around the world.
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