metamorphic
Serpentine
(Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness of 3 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, colors range from light green to dark green, brownish, or yellowish, greasy or waxy luster, monoclinic crystal system, specific gravity of 2.4 to 2.6.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 3 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, colors range from light green to dark green, brownish, or yellowish, greasy or waxy luster, monoclinic crystal system, specific gravity of 2.4 to 2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed through serpentinization, a low-temperature metamorphic process involving the hydration and chemical alteration of ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle, such as peridotite.
Uses & applications
Used primarily for ornamental carvings, decorative objects, and wire-wrapped jewelry, as well as a historical source of asbestos fibers.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the state rock of California and is often used as an affordable substitute for jade due to its similar appearance.
Field identification & locations
Can be identified by its characteristic waxy or greasy feel, mottled green coloration, and lower hardness compared to true jade. Found worldwide in ophiolite belts.
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