metamorphic
Serpentine
Serpentine group ((Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4)
Mohs hardness 2.5 to 5.5, dark green to olive green color with waxy or greasy luster, fine-grained to microcrystalline structure, subconchoidal fracture, and smooth, soapy feel.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness 2.5 to 5.5, dark green to olive green color with waxy or greasy luster, fine-grained to microcrystalline structure, subconchoidal fracture, and smooth, soapy feel.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the metamorphic alteration (serpentinization) of mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks like peridotite and pyroxenite, where water reacts with olivine and pyroxene at low temperatures and high pressures.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as decorative ornamental stone, lapidary carving material, aggregate, source of industrial magnesium, and historically as an architectural facade material.
Geological facts
Serpentine gets its name from its serpent-like, scaly appearance and mottled green colors. It is the official state rock of California.
Field identification & locations
Look for a distinctive greasy or waxy feel, fibrous or smooth texture, and deep olive green coloration. Commonly found in ophiolite complexes, subduction zones, and coastal beach gravels near metamorphic terranes.
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