metamorphic
Serpentine
(Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 2.5 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, Color: Various shades of green, yellow-green, brownish-green, or grayish, Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky, Crystal structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: One direction of imperfect cleavage, Specific Gravity: 2.5 to 2.7
- Hardness
- 2
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, Color: Various shades of green, yellow-green, brownish-green, or grayish, Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky, Crystal structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: One direction of imperfect cleavage, Specific Gravity: 2.5 to 2.7
Formation & geological history
Formed by the metamorphism of ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle, specifically through hydration and metasomatism at low temperatures in hydrothermal environments.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone, for carving, in asbestos (though restricted due to health risks), and as a source of magnesium.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the state rock of California. It often has a mottled, snake-like appearance which gives it its name.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its characteristic waxy or greasy feel, green coloration, and lower hardness. Commonly found in ophiolite sequences and mountain-building belts.
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