metamorphic
Serpentinite (Polished Serpentine)
Serpentinite (predominantly Antigorite/Lizardite/Chrysotile, (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 3 - 5 on the Mohs scale; Color: Mottled dark green to blackish-green with bright green veining; Luster: Waxy to greasy, takes a smooth vitreous polish; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic/Orthorhombic (microcrystalline/massive); Specific Gravity: 2.5 - 2.8
- Hardness
- 3 - 5 on the Mohs scale
- Luster
- Waxy to greasy, takes a smooth vitreous polish
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 - 5 on the Mohs scale; Color: Mottled dark green to blackish-green with bright green veining; Luster: Waxy to greasy, takes a smooth vitreous polish; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic/Orthorhombic (microcrystalline/massive); Specific Gravity: 2.5 - 2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed via serpentinization, a metamorphic and hydrothermal alteration process where ultramafic mantle rocks (such as peridotite and dunite) react with water at relatively low temperatures and pressures along tectonic plate boundaries and subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Commonly carved and polished into ornamental shapes like eggs, spheres, beads, and figurines; historically used as architectural stone and decorative carving material; occasionally used as a low-cost substitute for nephrite jade.
Geological facts
Serpentinite gets its name from its mottled green appearance resembling snakeskin. It is the official state rock of California and often hosts fibrous asbestos minerals within narrow cross-cutting veins.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its characteristic slippery or soapy feel, waxy to greasy luster, mottled green hues, and relatively low hardness (easily scratched by a pocketknife). Abundant along suture zones in the USA, Canada, Italy, Greece, New Zealand, and Russia.
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