metamorphic
Serpentinite with green serpentine inclusion
Serpentinite; serpentine-group minerals, chiefly antigorite, lizardite, or chrysotile, with possible magnetite
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectUsually dark green to mottled gray-green, waxy to greasy luster, Mohs hardness about 2.5–5.5, commonly massive rather than visibly crystalline, with poor cleavage. The surrounding pale, speckled material may be weathered serpentinite or another altered ultramafic rock; reddish spots likely iron oxides.
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Physical properties
Usually dark green to mottled gray-green, waxy to greasy luster, Mohs hardness about 2.5–5.5, commonly massive rather than visibly crystalline, with poor cleavage. The surrounding pale, speckled material may be weathered serpentinite or another altered ultramafic rock; reddish spots likely iron oxides.
Formation & geological history
Forms when mantle-derived peridotite is hydrated and metamorphosed by fluids, commonly along plate boundaries and subduction zones. Individual specimens may range from Paleozoic to modern tectonic settings, depending on locality.
Uses & applications
Used as ornamental stone, carvings, countertops, and collector material; historically used for tools and decorative objects. Chrysotile-bearing material should not be cut or powdered because of asbestos risk.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is commonly associated with chromite, magnetite, talc, and jade-like green rocks. Its low hardness and greasy feel help distinguish it from jade, although visual identification alone is uncertain.
Field identification & locations
Common in California, the Appalachians, New Zealand, Italy, and ultramafic terranes worldwide. Test carefully for softness and a waxy feel; laboratory analysis is needed to confirm the serpentine mineral and exclude jade or altered concrete.
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