metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (composed primarily of Serpentine group minerals, e.g., Antigorite, Lizardite, or Chrysotile)
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Dark green with lighter green or grey bands, Luster: Waxy to greasy or dull, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fine-grained/massive), Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Dark green with lighter green or grey bands, Luster: Waxy to greasy or dull, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fine-grained/massive), Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal metamorphism (serpentinization) of mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle, typically at tectonic plate boundaries or mid-ocean ridges.
Uses & applications
Used as a decorative architectural stone, in jewelry (often as a jade simulant), and historically as a source of asbestos or for carvings.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the state rock of California. It often creates unique soil conditions (serpentine soils) that support rare and endemic plant species because of its high magnesium and low calcium content.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its characteristic 'snake-skin' appearance, soapy or waxy feel, and green color. Common in ophiolite complexes and mountain belts like the Appalachians and the Alps.
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