metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (composed primarily of Serpentine minerals: Mg3Si2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3-6 (variable), Color: Waxy olive green to darker green with white calcite/quartz veins, Luster: Greasy, waxy, or dull, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: Poor
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (variable), Color: Waxy olive green to darker green with white calcite/quartz veins, Luster: Greasy, waxy, or dull, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: Poor
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydration of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth's mantle at low temperatures and high pressures, often at tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative architectural stone, a source of magnesium, historically for asbestos, and as popular specimens for mineral collectors.
Geological facts
It is the state rock of California. The process of its formation, serpentinization, can release hydrogen gas and heat, supporting unique microbial life forms.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'snake-skin' appearance, waxy feel, and green hue. Commonly found in ophiolite complexes and fault zones.
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