metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (Hydrated magnesium iron phyllosilicate)
Hardness: 2.5 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale depending on specific mineral mix; Color: Shades of green, yellowish-green, brown, or grayish-black; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (asbestos group minerals like chrysotile, antigorite, or lizardite); Cleavage: None distinct;…
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Shades of green, yellowish-green, brown, or grayish-black
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale depending on specific mineral mix; Color: Shades of green, yellowish-green, brown, or grayish-black; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (asbestos group minerals like chrysotile, antigorite, or lizardite); Cleavage: None distinct; Specific Gravity: 2.5 to 2.7
Formation & geological history
Formed by serpentinization, a low-temperature metamorphic alteration process involving heat and water acting on ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle (such as peridotite) typically at ocean ridges or subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone, architectural facing, carving material (often called serpentine jade), and historically for asbestos fibers.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It often contains veins of chrysotile asbestos and is associated with unique, metal-toxic soils that host rare endemic plant species.
Field identification & locations
Found in mountain belts and ophiolite complexes worldwide. Identified by its characteristic mottled green color, greasy or waxy feel, and softness compared to typical igneous rocks.
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