gemstone
Topaz
Al_2SiO_4(F,OH)_2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, typically colorless or pale blue, vitreous luster, orthorhombic crystal system, and perfect basal cleavage.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, typically colorless or pale blue, vitreous luster, orthorhombic crystal system, and perfect basal cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Forms in silicic igneous rocks such as granite pegmatites and rhyolite cavities, often crystallizing from fluorine-rich vapor during the late stages of cooling.
Uses & applications
Valued primarily as a gemstone in high-end jewelry and for industrial abrasive and refractory uses.
Geological facts
Topaz is one of the hardest naturally occurring minerals on Earth and serves as the reference mineral for hardness 8 on the Mohs scale.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its high density, excellent basal cleavage, and hardness exceeding quartz. Commonly sourced from Brazil, Pakistan, and the United States.
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